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Class and income inequalities have long been a major area of research inquiry within the social sciences and have been the focus of renewed interest in the last decade or so.

This research theme collectively considers the impacts of class, income, wealth and poverty on contemporary society at both a macro and micro level. This encompasses a focus on:

• Social class inequalities in education
• Workplace and global supply chains
• The relationship between class, identity and consumption
• The dynamics and media representations of royalty.

Academic and research staff members

• Vicki Harman
• Peter Hemming
• Jill Timms
• Nathalie Weidhase.

Research projects

• Gendered representations and discourses of work in screen and digital cultures (Weidhase, 2024, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Improving access to, and success on, sandwich courses for students from widening participation backgrounds (Brooks & Timms, 2023-24, TASA).
• Media representations of monarchy, power and celebrity (Weidhase, 2023 – 2024, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Hungry for Change: Working together to tackle food poverty in Liverpool and Stoke-on- Trent (Parsons, Kearney, Surman, Cappellini, Moffat, Harman & Scheurenbrand, 2016, Heseltine Institute).
• (Hemming, 2014, Royal Geographical Society with IBG).
• Feeding the family in hard times: Gender and the micro-politics of household consumption (Cappellini, Harman & Parsons, 2014, Royal Holloway).
• Lunchboxes: An Analysis of Parents’ Discourses and Practices (Harman & Cappellini, 2013, British Academy/ Leverhulme Small Grant).

Globalisation and flows of mass migration have led to ethnically and religiously diverse populations in countries across the globe.

This research theme collectively delves into themes of ‘race’, ethnicity, religion and migration, and the intersections between them. This encompasses a focus on:

• Identities and exclusion
• Transnational contexts and processes
• The complexity of indigenous and migrant communities
• The role of ‘race’/ethnicity and religion/spirituality in families and collectives
• Understanding whiteness, subcultural practices, politics and citizenship
• The influence of colonialism
• Transformations over time
• The multifaceted impacts of the above processes on society.

Academic and research staff members

• Maria Adams 
• Ranjana Das
• Venetia Evergeti
• Jon Garland
• Vicki Harman
• Peter Hemming
• Daniel McCarthy
• Maria - Nerina Boursinou
• Nathalie Weidhase.

Research projects

• Linguistic minority families and technology in bilingualism (Das – with Dippold, 2023-2025, British Academy).
•  (Hemming & colleagues, 2023-2025, Leverhulme Trust).
• : Results from a Survey Conducted by the Sophie Lancaster Foundation (Garland & Boushehrian, 2023, Sophie Lancaster Foundation).
• Exploring 'Race' and Ethnicity with Students on Social Science Degree Programmes in UK Universities (2021-2024, Hemming, Teegen & colleagues, Santander Universities).
• The intersections of gender, race and popular culture in the construction of Brexit (Weidhase, 2020 - 2023, ºÚÁÏÉç).
•  (Boursinou, 2020, Doctoral Thesis).
• South Asian mothers, health communication, perinatal wellbeing (Das, 2018; 2019; 2020; British Academy, Wellcome Trust).
• The role race can play in the case of the families of incarcerated young people (Adams & McCarthy, 2016-2018- ESRC).
• (Hemming, 2016, Cardiff University).
•  (Hemming, 2014, Royal Geographical Society with IBG).
• Activities, impact and membership of the English Defence League (Garland, 2009-2013, University of Leicester).
• Islam in Greece was the first study of its kind to compare indigenous and migrant Muslim communities, exploring the important  (Evergeti, 2009-2011, AHRC).
•  (Hemming & colleagues, 2009-2011, AHRC-ESRC).
• The experiences and support networks of lone white mothers of mixed-parentage children (Harman 2002-2007, ESRC funded PhD with NSPCC).
• Racism, anti-racism and disorder in football (Garland, 1994-2002, European Commission; University of Leicester; Charlton Athletic FC).

We research a range of issues in the study of sex, gender and sexualities and their intersections. This encompasses, but is not limited to:

• The past, present and future of sex and sexuality
• Intersex studies
• Queer histories and communities
• Trans cultural participation and social activism
• Sexual behaviours and inequalities
• Gender and labour inequalities
• Life transitions and sexualities
• Queer digital media use
• Media representations
• Images of femininity
• Relationships and sex education
• Gender, families and care.

Several members of the group are involved in the interdisciplinary Sex, Gender and Sexualities research centre, which brings together colleagues from across the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.

Please contact David Griffiths for more information about this research theme.

Academic and research staff members

• Maria Adams
• Dimitris Akrivos
• Venetia Evergeti
• David Griffiths
• Matthew Hall
• Vicki Harman
• Katherine Hubbard
• Andrew King
• Robyn Muir
• Emily Setty
• Jill Timms
• Nathalie Weidhase.

Research projects

• Porn literacy: A critical relationships and sex education programme to tackling harmful sexual behaviours in schools (Setty, 2024-2026, ESRC IAA).
• Food in women’s prisons: developing a food educational programme (Harman, Garland, Adams & McCarthy, 2024, ESRC IAA).
• Influencer Culture: Activities and Resources for Positive Change (Muir & Setty 2024, ESRC IAA).
•  (Weidhase, 2024, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Navigating Masculinity among Heterosexual Men Who Dance with Men (MDM) (Hall, 2023-2025, BA/Leverhulme Small Grant).
• Images of Femininity within the Disney Princess Phenomenon (Muir, 2023, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Learning Gender: Building Gender Literacy in Education Settings (Muir, 2023, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Queer and trans affirmative histories of LGBTQI+ aversion therapy (Hubbard, 2022-2024, Society for the Social History of Medicine/Wellcome Trust).
• Dream Big Princess? Consumer Meaning Making in the Disney Princess Phenomenon (Muir, 2022-2024, BA/Leverhulme Small Grant).
• Re-imagining the relationship between schools and police in responding to harmful sexual behaviour in schools (Setty, 2022-2024, ESRC).
• Influencer Culture in the Digital Age (Muir & Setty, 2022-2023, UKRI eNurture Network).
•  (Akrivos, 2022, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Gender Based Violence and Harassment in Supply Chains, focusing on Floriculture (Timms, 2022, FCDO and various).
• Safer Schools: Evaluating initiatives designed to tackle harmful sexual behaviour in schools (Setty, 2021-2025, KPMG and Lucy Faithfull Foundation).
• Educating teenage boys about sexual consent (Setty, 2021-2023, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• ‘Doing Porridge: Understanding Women's Experiences of Food in Prison’ (Adams, Harman, Garland & McCarthy, 2021, ESRC).
• Food, families and visiting rooms in a women's prison (Adams, Harman & Garland, 2021 British Academy).
• Feminist Histories of Psychology and the experiences of feminist psychologists (Hubbard, 2020-2022, Open University and British Psychology Society).
• Impacts of lockdown on young people’s uses of digital media in relationships (Setty, 2020-2022, Leverhulme Trust).
• Futuresex (Griffiths & Hubbard 2019-2021, Wellcome Trust and British Sociological Association).
• Improving school cultures through relationships and sex education (Setty, 2019-2021, ESRC IAA).
• The Sexual Politics of Ballroom Dancing (Harman, 2019, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• CILIA-LGBTQI+, a cross-cultural investigation of the impact of inequalities experienced by LGBTQI+ people during youth, mid-life and transitions into retirement (King, 2018-2021, , , , , ).
• Queer feminist histories in Britain (Hubbard, 2018-2020 Wellcome Trust).
• Towards a UK History of Intersex (Griffiths, 2015-2021, Wellcome Trust).
• Transnational networks of care among migrant families (Evergeti & colleagues, 2002-2004, ESRC Families and Social Capital Research Group): Exploring ;  and negotiating the gendered organisation of care.

The dynamics of social identity and processes of exclusion within and across communities and institutions are the focus of this research theme, including the ways in which certain social divisions intersect and interact.

This encompasses a range of issues, such as:

• The enhancement of community amidst inequalities
• Community building and activism amongst minority and political groups
• Identity and exclusion in crime, criminal justice and prisons
• Promoting inclusion in social housing
• The accommodation of diversity within education systems and settings
• The role of social institutions within the wider community.

Academic and research staff member

• Maria Adams
• Dimitris Akrivos
• Kate Burningham
• Venetia Evergeti
• Jon Garland
• David Griffiths
• Vicki Harman
• Peter Hemming
• Katherine Hubbard
• Andrew King
• Anastasia Loukianov
• Sue Venn.

Research projects

•  (Akrivos & Antoniou, 2024).
• Editorial Standards in transgender reporting: how do the UK press regulators navigate complaints and controversies? (Akrivos, 2024, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Hate Crime Victimisation and Reporting (Garland, 2024, British Academy/Leverhulme).
• The Life House Project – using theatre to understand and communicate older LGBTQ+ people’s concerns around housing (King and colleagues in GSA and Health Sciences, 2024, ºÚÁÏÉç).
• Pride in Property – exploring LGBTQ+ inclusivity in the private property sector (King, 2024, Propertymark).
• The CIRCLE project - Creating Inclusive Residential Care for LGBTQ+ Elders (King & colleagues at University of Kent and Hertfordshire, 2022-2024, NIHR).
• ‘Doing Porridge: Understanding Women's Experiences of Food in Prison’ (Adams, Harman & Garland, 2021, ESRC).
• Food, families and visiting rooms in a women's prison (Adams, Harman & Garland, 2021, British Academy).
•   (Adams & McCarthy, 2021).
• Housing with Pride knowledge exchange project developing and progressing the HouseProud Pledge scheme to address LGBTQ+ inclusivity in social housing (King, 2018-2022, ESRC).
• Feminist identity and community within Psychology (Hubbard, 2017-2024, see 2019; 2022, BPS and Open University).
•  (Hemming, 2017-2021, Leverhulme Trust).
• LGBTQ+ social housing includes the â€˜HomeSAFE’ study on LGBTQ+ inclusivity in social housing (King, 2017-2018, HouseProud/ºÚÁÏÉç).
• CYCLES - Understandings of what  (Burningham, Venn & Loukianov, 2017 ESRC).
• Work with intersex communities on the effects of medicalisation and pathologisation (Griffiths, 2015-2021, Welcome Trust).
• Possessions and the liminal self: Portraits of overcoming domestic violence (Harman, Cappellini and Campos, 2015, Royal Holloway).
• An examination of the provision of support to police officers and police civilian staff injured on duty (Garland, 2015-2017; Police Dependents’ Trust).
• Leicester Hate Crime Project (Garland, 2012-2015, ESRC).
• ,  and the role of British Muslim ‘elites’ in the UK (Evergeti, 2010, 2011, Middlesex University).
•  (Hemming, 2006-2009, ESRC-funded PhD).
• Evaluation of Police Diversity Training (Garland, 1999-2002; Home Office).
• Rural Racism (Garland, 1995-2005; various local authorities and police forces).